The speaker suspects self-driving services use elaborate teleoperation centers and more human involvement than commonly expected, but says he does not know the full extent or whether people directly control the cars at all times.

“for them um and then also i think when you look at these cars and there's no one driving um i also think it's a little bit deceiving because there are actually very elaborate teleoperation centers of people actually kind of like in the loop with these cars and i don't have the i don't have the full extent of it but i think um there's more human in the loop that you might expect and there's people somewhere out there basically uh beaming in from the sky uh and i don't actually know they're fully in the loop with the driving i think some of the times”

“the times they are but they're certainly involved and there are people and in some sense we haven't actually removed the person we've like moved them to somewhere we can't see them i still think there will be some work as you mentioned going from environment to environment and so i think like there's still challenges to to make self-driving real but i i do agree that it's definitely across a threshold where it kind of feels real unless it's like really teleoperated for example waymo can't go to all the different parts of the city my suspicion is it's like parts of city where we don't get good signal”