If recursive self-improvement begins in 2028, the speaker considers it possible that within a year it could produce Earth-sized populations of human-level or potentially superhuman intelligences that humans do not know how to control.

“So there's been a lot of discussion recently about pacing the frontier or people taking RSI more seriously because maybe at the other end of an RSI process that say starts in 2028.”

“Within a year, we end up with huge populations, like earth-sized populations of human-level, potentially beyond human-level intelligences, and we don't know how to control them.”