Alexander Mattick considers the distinction between energy-based, score-based, diffusion, and related model categories very unclear or imprecise.

“uh based models which effectively model the gradient of energy and do tricks to basically also remove all the normalisation. And that then gives you something like these these Langevin diffusion start things that gives you uh a diffusion modelling and well it doesn't give you a flow-matching, but it gives you something like flow-matching. But, yeah, I would agree that the difference is really really wishy-washy.”